Altered activity of the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala during acquisition and extinction of an active avoidance task

Altered medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala function is associated with anxiety-related disorders.While the mPFC-amygdala pathway has a clear role in fear conditioning, these structures are also involved in active avoidance.Given that avoidance perseveration represents a core symptom of anxiety disorders, the neural substrate of avoidance,

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The Effect of Seawater Used for Hydrodistillation on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Oil-Bearing Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.)

Oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is the most important rose species having a high-value volatile oil, used in the fragrance and cosmetic industries.Epidermal cells of the flower petals are the main essential oil source.During the boiling process of hydrodistillation, the essential oil in the cells diffuses through the cell walls by means of

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